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Probate

The probate process and how to determine whether probate is required.

Probate refers to the legal process when a person dies leaving a will. The probate process includes appointing an executor and proving the validity of the will. If the deceased does not have a valid will, the law of intestate succession applies.

The Executor’s Responsibilities

Once appointed, the executor is responsible for:

  • Finding, collecting, and making an inventory of the deceased’s assets that did not transfer automatically on death and remain titled in the deceased’s name;
  • Paying the last expenses of the deceased, if any;
  • Filing the last tax returns of the deceased and paying any taxes, if necessary; and
  • Distributing the remaining assets to the heirs of the deceased as provided for in the will.

The entire probate process usually takes around five to six months. More complicated or contested estates can take longer than a year and be more expensive.

How to Determine If Probate Is Required

Prepare an inventory of the assets owned by the deceased at the time of death to determine if any assets remain titled in the name of the deceased after death. If there are no significant assets, then probate may not be cost-effective. Many assets do not transfer automatically at death, including:

  • Real estate;
  • Bank accounts — checking and savings;
  • Certificates of deposit;
  • Stock of corporations;
  • Membership interests in limited liability companies;
  • Investment accounts;
  • Retirement accounts; and
  • Vehicles and boats.

After you identify all assets, determine whether the ownership of each asset automatically transferred on death. Assets that transfer automatically at death are not part of the probate estate.

How to Determine Who Owns Real Estate

Ownership of real estate is determined by checking the title to the land. You also have to check the actual deed to see how the deceased held title to the land. Some types of ownership transfer automatically, so probate may or may not be necessary depending on how the property was held.

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